BACTERIAL GROWTH

I. Nutritional (Chemical) Requirements


A. Energy source


1. sunlight:


2. oxidation:


B. Electron Transport


1. reduction of inorganic compounds:


2. reduction of organic compounds:

C. Carbon Source

1. carbon dioxide:

2. organic materials:



II. Physical (Environmental) Requirements


A. Oxygen:


1. aerobic:


2. microaerophilic:


3. aerotolerant:


4. facultatively anaerobic:


5. obligately anaerobic: Growth in Various O2 Concentrations

B. Temperature

1. Psychrophiles:

2. Psychrotrophs:

3. Mesophiles:

4. Thermophiles:

5. Hyperthermophiles:

C. pH

1. Acidophiles:

2. Neutrophiles:

3. Alkalophiles:

D. Pressure

1. Osmotic Pressure

a. facultative halophile:

b. extreme halophile:

2. Barametric Pressure

a. barotolerant:

b. barophile:

III. Natural vs. Laboratory Growth

IV. Processes and Measurement

A. Binary fission (log base 2)

N_(final) = N_(oiginal) x 2ⁿ

if n = # generations between original and final

then, log N_f = log N_o + n log 2,

B. Generation Time: g = t/n

where t = time between starting and final numbers.

Example

C. Measurement

1. dry weight:

2. direct count:

3. metabolic activity:

4. plate count:

5. turbidity:

Example

V. Eukaryotic Growth and Reproduction

A. Asexual-

B. Sexual-

VI. Viral Growth and Reproduction

A. Attachment:

B. Penetration:

C. Uncoating:

D. Biosynthesis:

E. Maturation: